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考点五 介词的用法
一、介词at/ in /on
1.表示时间:
1)at表示某一具体时间点,某一时刻/ 年龄
at six o’clock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of... at night
2) in表示时间段, 一天的三个时间段以及月份/年/季节/世纪/人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时)
in the morning/afternoon/evening in spring in 2007 in March in the 21st century in his fifties
3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时
On Monday on New Year’s Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night on the evening of April 1st ,2007
2.表示地点:
1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置at the station at the cinema
2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里 in China in the classroom
3)on 指在某物体的表面上 on the desk
二、介词in /on / to 表方位
1.in表示A地在B地范围之内(包含关系) Tanwan is in the southeast of China.
2.on表示A,B地接壤(外切关系) Hubei is on the north of Hunan.
3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距(外离关系) Japan is to the east of China.
三、between / among 在……之间
1.between指两者之间,“在…….之间”
2.among用于三者或三者以上人或物之间,“在……之中”
You sit between him and me.
The song is popular among the students.
四、after / in 在……之后
1. after
1)after+时间段,表示从过去的某个时间点算起一段时间后,与过去时连用
He came back home after three years. 他三年后回到家里。
2)after+未来时间点,表示在未来的某个时间点后,与将来时连用
I'll ring you up after two o'clock.两点以后我给你打电话。
3)after 作介词,after doing sth
2.in+一段时间,表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后,用于将来时
He came back after two days.
He will go home after finishing his homework
He will come back in two days.
五、with / in / by 表示 “用……”
1.with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人体器官
He cut the apple into halves with a knife.
注:with 还可以表伴随,表示“带有,含有” He came in with a big smile on his face .
2.in表示用某种语言,方式,途径,或书写/绘画所用的材料,也可表交通方式
Can you say it in English ?
He wrote a letter in blue ink.
3.by表示乘坐交通工具,表示方式,方法
I study for a test by working with a group .
He makes a living by selling newspapers.
She usually goes to work by bike.
六、across / through / over / by 经过
1.across 指横穿,穿过,表示动作从某一物体表面上经过
2.through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过
3.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触
4.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过
Can you swim across the river ?
The elephant is so big that it can’t go through the gate .
I don’t think anyone can jump over the fence.
I walked by the Bank of China yesterday.
七、in front of / in the front of “在……前面”
1.in the front of 表示在…….内部的前面
2.in front of 表示在……外部的前面
There is a desk in the front of our classroom.
There is a big tree in front of our classroom.
八、其它介词的用法
1.at的其它用法
1)表示”从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.
She is at work now = She is working now .
2)at表示”处于……价格/速度”
The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour.
2.in的其它用法
1)in表示”在……方面”,词组:do well in = be good at be weak in
2)in 表示“穿着”,后接表颜色的词或衣服 词组: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服
3.like 的用法:
1)像/和……一样,常与系动词连用 词组: look like sound like
2)与what 连用,“是什么样子,怎样” What is he like ? He is kind .
4.off的用法:
1)从……下来, 脱离某物体 词组: fall off
2)“休假”,通常放在时间名词之后 词组:have +时间+ off It's marvellous to have a day off.
5.except / besides的用法:
1)except 表示“除了…….之外,都……”, 不包括在范围之内
2)besides表示“除了……之外,还有…… ”,包括在范围之内
We all went swimming except Lucy. 除了露西,我们都去游泳了。
We study Japanese and French besides English. 除英语外,我们还学习日语和法语。
6.with / without 的用法:
1)with具有,含有 -----反义词: without 没有
词组:with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to
without one’s help
2)without 的用法
①without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物
②without + doing sth. He left here without saying Goodbye to us
③without sth 常用于if 引导的否定的条件句.
If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live without water.
7.since / for的用法:
①since : a).since +时间点 b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时 c).since +一段时间+ ago.
②for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago
8.be made +介词的区别:
be made of 由…制成 (看得见原材料)
be made from由…制成 (看不见原材料)
be made in +地点 由哪儿生产
be made by sb. 由某人制造
9.表示 “数量的介词” about , round,around,over
①about,round around表示“大约……”
②over 表示“超过”= more than
10. inside / outside的用法
inside 在……里面 ------反义词:outside在….外面
九、不用介词的情况
1)当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词What are you going to do tonight ?
2)含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语时,不用介词
He went to Wuhan last week .
3)以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词. He has worked all day .
4)以some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词.
He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man on a cold morning .
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