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考点十二 非谓语动词

一、动词不定式

1.动词不定式作宾语

①在动词want ,hope,would like,decide,wish, choose,try ,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。

I hope to hear from you soon .

②【惯用句式】think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth

He found it difficult to get to sleep.

③stop to do sth / stop doing sth

stop to do sth 停下来去做某事

stop doing sth 停止正在做的事

After working for a long time , He has to stop to have a rest .

He was very tired , so he had to stop working.

2.动词不定式作宾补

①带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth

Please ask him to come quickly.

②省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：

let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth

【注意】省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to .

He made the baby stop crying .

The baby was made to stop crying.

3.动词不定式作主语

①动词不定式用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

②常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。

To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth

To get an injection is a little painful .

It is a little painful to get an injection

4.动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后 Please give me something to drink.

【注意】若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。

I want a pen to write with.

5.动词不定式与疑问词连用——疑问词+ to do sth

在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth

Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?

Can you tell me how to get to the hospital.

6.动词不定式作状语

①动词不定式可作目的状语

He came here to get his book.

②动词不定式可作原因状语

表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语

He was glad to see his wife.

③动词不定式可作结果状语

He returned home to find his father dead.

7.动词不定式作表语 be + to do sth

注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。

Her wish is to become a doctor . =To become a doctor is her wish .

8.动词不定式的否定形式

在动词不定式的前面加not .

He told me not to stay here .

二、动名词

1.动名词作主语

动名词可以在句中作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。

Playing with fire is dangerous.

2.动名词作表语

动名词可以在句中作表语，此时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。

My hobby is collecting stamps. = Collecting stamps is my hobby.

3.动名词作定语

动名词作定语，一般表示用途。

There are a lot of swimming pools in the city.

4.动名词作宾语

I enjoy listening to music.

He is fond of playing basketball.

【注意】need, want, require, deserve,demand作“需要”讲时，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。

The flowers need watering/to be watered.

5.动名词的复合结构

动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构。

Nixon's visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.

I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon．

三、现在分词

1.现在分词作定语

现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping

Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?= Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?

2.现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作,此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语。

Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit.

He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.

3.现在分词作宾补

宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者

Soon they could see the sun rising from the east.

4.现在分词作表语

现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征, 如amusing, interesting, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等

The story is quite interesting. 这个故事很有趣。

四、过去分词

1.过去分词作表语

过去分词作表语已经形容词化

The window is broken.

2.过去分词作定语

单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

fallen leaves

Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?

=Have you ever read any books that were written by Luxun?

3.过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、原因和伴随状语，表示被动的和完成的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语。

Given more time, we would certainly have finished the job much better.

The professor sat there，surrounded by a lot of students.

4.过去分词的作宾补

宾语与作宾补的过去分词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者

He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.

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